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Successful DNA immunization against measles: neutralizing antibody against either the hemagglutinin or fusion glycoprotein protects rhesus macaques without evidence of atypical measles
Measles remains a principal cause of worldwide mortality, in part because young infants cannot be immunized effectively. Development of new vaccines has been hindered by previous experience with a formalin-inactivated vaccine that predisposed to a severe form of disease (atypical measles). Here we have developed and tested potential DNA vaccines for immunogenicity, efficacy and safety in a rhesus macaque model of measles. DNA protected from challenge with wild-type measles virus. Protection correlated with levels of neutralizing antibody and not with cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. There was no evidence in any group, including those receiving hemagglutinin-encoding DNA alone, of 'priming' for atypical measles.
Acute stroke treatment trials in the United States. Rethinking strategies for success
In this editorial, we present some of the important issues facing those who design and implement acute stroke treatment studies. Our opinions pertain primarily to the medical environment in the United States. Our goal is to stimulate discussion and suggest a forum for the critical evaluation of trial design issues and also the development of a national strategy for stroke.