Social cognition is an important mechanism linking trauma to psychopathology; however, current models fail to explain individual differences in social cognition after trauma exposure. We investigated whether the interpersonal nature of trauma exposure helps to explain variability in social cognitive outcomes. Our sample was derived from the AURORA study, a national initiative involving intensive follow-up of trauma survivors for one year. We analyzed data from 2241 participants (M = 35.12, 64% female, 54% Black) who experienced an assault ( = 262) or a motor vehicle collision ( = 1979). Social cognition was assessed with the Multiracial Emotion Identification Task and the Belmont Emotion Sensitivity Test. Overall emotion identification accuracy declined over time among participants who experienced interpersonal trauma (β = -.10, = .03), but not non-interpersonal trauma (β = .00, = .83). These results may help to enhance the prediction of psychopathological outcomes following trauma exposure.