Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution
Ke, Ruian Martinez, Pamela P Smith, Rebecca L Gibson, Laura L Achenbach, Chad J McFall, Sally Qi, Chao Jacob, Joshua Dembele, Etienne Bundy, Camille
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Martinez, Pamela P
Smith, Rebecca L
Gibson, Laura L
Achenbach, Chad J
McFall, Sally
Qi, Chao
Jacob, Joshua
Dembele, Etienne
Bundy, Camille
Simons, Lacy M
Ozer, Egon A
Hultquist, Judd F
Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon
Opdycke, Anita K
Hawkins, Claudia
Murphy, Robert L
Mirza, Agha
Conte, Madison
Gallagher, Nicholas
Luo, Chun Huai
Jarrett, Junko
Conte, Abigail
Zhou, Ruifeng
Farjo, Mireille
Rendon, Gloria
Fields, Christopher J
Wang, Leyi
Fredrickson, Richard
Baughman, Melinda E
Chiu, Karen K
Choi, Hannah
Scardina, Kevin R
Owens, Alyssa N
Broach, John
Barton, Bruce A
Lazar, Peter
Robinson, Matthew L
Mostafa, Heba H
Manabe, Yukari C
Pekosz, Andrew
McManus, David D
Brooke, Christopher B
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Abstract
Background: The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus.
Methods: We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals.
Results: The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases.
Conclusions: Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.
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Ke R, Martinez PP, Smith RL, Gibson LL, Achenbach CJ, McFall S, Qi C, Jacob J, Dembele E, Bundy C, Simons LM, Ozer EA, Hultquist JF, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Opdycke AK, Hawkins C, Murphy RL, Mirza A, Conte M, Gallagher N, Luo CH, Jarrett J, Conte A, Zhou R, Farjo M, Rendon G, Fields CJ, Wang L, Fredrickson R, Baughman ME, Chiu KK, Choi H, Scardina KR, Owens AN, Broach J, Barton B, Lazar P, Robinson ML, Mostafa HH, Manabe YC, Pekosz A, McManus DD, Brooke CB. Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 13;9(7):ofac192. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac192. PMID: 35791353; PMCID: PMC9047214.