Optimization of transcription factor binding map accuracy utilizing knockout-mouse models
Krebs, Wolfgang ; Schmidt, Susanne V. ; Goren, Alon ; De Nardo, Dominic ; Labzin, Larisa ; Bovier, Anton ; Ulas, Thomas ; Theis, Heidi ; Kraut, Michael ; Latz, Eicke ... show 2 more
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Abstract
Genome-wide assessment of protein-DNA interaction by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a key technology for studying transcription factor (TF) localization and regulation of gene expression. Signal-to-noise-ratio and signal specificity in ChIP-seq studies depend on many variables, including antibody affinity and specificity. Thus far, efforts to improve antibody reagents for ChIP-seq experiments have focused mainly on generating higher quality antibodies. Here we introduce KOIN (knockout implemented normalization) as a novel strategy to increase signal specificity and reduce noise by using TF knockout mice as a critical control for ChIP-seq data experiments. Additionally, KOIN can identify 'hyper ChIPable regions' as another source of false-positive signals. As the use of the KOIN algorithm reduces false-positive results and thereby prevents misinterpretation of ChIP-seq data, it should be considered as the gold standard for future ChIP-seq analyses, particularly when developing ChIP-assays with novel antibody reagents.
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Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Dec 1;42(21):13051-60. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1078. Epub 2014 Nov 5. Link to article on publisher's site.