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Crystal Structures of Inhibitor-Bound Main Protease from Delta- and Gamma-Coronaviruses

Zvornicanin, Sarah N
Shaqra, Ala M
Huang, Qiu Yu Judy
Ornelas, Elizabeth
Moghe, Mallika
Knapp, Mark
Moquin, Stephanie
Dovala, Dustin
Schiffer, Celia A
Kurt Yilmaz, Nese
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Abstract

With the spread of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the globe causing the COVID-19 pandemic, the threat of zoonotic transmissions of coronaviruses (CoV) has become even more evident. As human infections have been caused by alpha- and beta-CoVs, structural characterization and inhibitor design mostly focused on these two genera. However, viruses from the delta and gamma genera also infect mammals and pose a potential zoonotic transmission threat. Here, we determined the inhibitor-bound crystal structures of the main protease (Mpro) from the delta-CoV porcine HKU15 and gamma-CoV SW1 from the beluga whale. A comparison with the apo structure of SW1 Mpro, which is also presented here, enabled the identification of structural arrangements upon inhibitor binding at the active site. The cocrystal structures reveal binding modes and interactions of two covalent inhibitors, PF-00835231 (active form of lufotrelvir) bound to HKU15, and GC376 bound to SW1 Mpro. These structures may be leveraged to target diverse coronaviruses and toward the structure-based design of pan-CoV inhibitors.

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Zvornicanin SN, Shaqra AM, Huang QJ, Ornelas E, Moghe M, Knapp M, Moquin S, Dovala D, Schiffer CA, Kurt Yilmaz N. Crystal Structures of Inhibitor-Bound Main Protease from Delta- and Gamma-Coronaviruses. Viruses. 2023 Mar 18;15(3):781. doi: 10.3390/v15030781. PMID: 36992489; PMCID: PMC10059799.

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DOI
10.3390/v15030781
PubMed ID
36992489
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Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).; Attribution 4.0 International