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Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Strongly Binds to Membranes in the Absence of Receptor Engagement

Vaknin, Alisa
Grossman, Alon
Durham, Natasha D
Lupovitz, Inbal
Goren, Shahar
Golani, Gonen
Roichman, Yael
Munro, James B
Sorkin, Raya
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Abstract

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an enveloped virus that must fuse with the host cell membrane in order to release its genome and initiate infection. This process requires the action of the EBOV envelope glycoprotein (GP), encoded by the virus, which resides in the viral envelope and consists of a receptor binding subunit, GP1, and a membrane fusion subunit, GP2. Despite extensive research, a mechanistic understanding of the viral fusion process is incomplete. To investigate GP-membrane association, a key step in the fusion process, we used two approaches: high-throughput measurements of single-particle diffusion and single-molecule measurements with optical tweezers. Using these methods, we show that the presence of the endosomal Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) receptor is not required for primed GP-membrane binding. In addition, we demonstrate this binding is very strong, likely attributed to the interaction between the GP fusion loop and the membrane's hydrophobic core. Our results also align with previously reported findings, emphasizing the significance of acidic pH in the protein-membrane interaction. Beyond Ebola virus research, our approach provides a powerful toolkit for studying other protein-membrane interactions, opening new avenues for a better understanding of protein-mediated membrane fusion events.

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Vaknin A, Grossman A, Durham ND, Lupovitz I, Goren S, Golani G, Roichman Y, Munro JB, Sorkin R. Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Strongly Binds to Membranes in the Absence of Receptor Engagement. ACS Infect Dis. 2024 May 10;10(5):1590-1601. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00622. Epub 2024 Apr 29. PMID: 38684073; PMCID: PMC11091876.

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10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00622
PubMed ID
38684073
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Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 .