Aberrant silencing of cancer-related genes by CpG hypermethylation occurs independently of their spatial organization in the nucleus
Easwaran, Hariharan P. ; Van Neste, Leander ; Cope, Leslie ; Sen, Subhojit ; Mohammad, Helai P. ; Pageau, Gayle Jeannette ; Lawrence, Jeanne B. ; Herman, James G. ; Schuebel, Kornel E. ; Baylin, Stephen B.
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UMass Chan Affiliations
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Keywords
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Nucleus
CpG Islands
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Gene Silencing
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
In Situ Hybridization
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
Microsatellite Repeats
Neoplasms
Nuclear Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Cell Biology
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Abstract
Aberrant promoter DNA-hypermethylation and repressive chromatin constitutes a frequent mechanism of gene inactivation in cancer. There is great interest in dissecting the mechanisms underlying this abnormal silencing. Studies have shown changes in the nuclear organization of chromatin in tumor cells as well as the association of aberrant methylation with long-range silencing of neighboring genes. Furthermore, certain tumors show a high incidence of promoter methylation termed as the CpG island methylator phenotype. Here, we have analyzed the role of nuclear chromatin architecture for genes in hypermethylated inactive versus nonmethylated active states and its relation with long-range silencing and CpG island methylator phenotype. Using combined immunostaining for active/repressive chromatin marks and fluorescence in situ hybridization in colorectal cancer cell lines, we show that aberrant silencing of these genes occurs without requirement for their being positioned at heterochromatic domains. Importantly, hypermethylation, even when associated with long-range epigenetic silencing of neighboring genes, occurs independent of their euchromatic or heterochromatic location. Together, these results indicate that, in cancer, extensive changes around promoter chromatin of individual genes or gene clusters could potentially occur locally without preference for nuclear position and/or causing repositioning. These findings have important implications for understanding relationships between nuclear organization and gene expression patterns in cancer.
Source
Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 15;70(20):8015-24. Epub 2010 Aug 24. Link to article on publisher's site