Writing Group I of Prevention Conference V reviewed the role of medical office assessment in the detection of risk factors and estimation of total cardiovascular risk. The primary focus was on identification of known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). In the following discussion, the major risk factors and risk markers for CHD that can be detected in medical office assessment are reviewed. The different categories of risk are then considered. Finally, the special characteristics of each risk factor in relation to global risk assessment are reviewed. Special groups, including older patients and those with diabetes, are considered, and suggestions are made for modifying the existing guidelines for risk assessment.