Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced numerous pain clinics to suspend their services. For chronic pain patients, even a temporary closure and inability to connect with their healthcare providers may result in adverse outcomes. There are serious concerns regarding worsening of physical and emotional suffering and a surge in substance abuse. Therefore, telemedicine, also called telehealth, would seem to be a reasonable alternative to in-person clinic visits during the lockdowns. However, it remains unclear whether a telemedicine consultation is adequate for diagnostic purposes and subsequent intervention planning.

Methods: This study was conducted as an open-label cohort study on new patients referred to an interdisciplinary community pain clinic focused on image-guided interventions. The primary outcome was to determine whether a video consultation was sufficient to make an initial diagnosis and plan subsequent interventions. Secondary variables included technical feasibility, patient satisfaction, calculated nonincurred cost and time-saving. Video consultations were performed using a secure videoconference system consistent with routine clinic practice.

Results: Sixty-five participants were recruited, and 49 (75.4%) completed the study. Patients for whom interventional approaches were not recommended elected not to continue with clinic visits. The intra-observer agreement rate between the telemedicine and in-person encounter was 93.9% (95% CI 87.2-100) for the diagnostic codes and treatment plan. The median satisfaction score from the telemedicine encounter was seven on a scale of 0-7, and it remained 6 when the remote care experience was later compared with the in-person visit. There were considerable savings in travel time and expenses.

Discussion: The study experimentally validated the ability of telemedicine encounters to establish a diagnosis and formulate an interventional pain management plan of care. The validity of virtual consultation for complex pain care remains to be determined. It is unreasonable to expect telemedicine to completely replace clinic visits in the foreseeable future. However, judicious use of technology may facilitate timely scheduling, save time and resources, and improve satisfaction without jeopardizing the quality of care.