The Learning and Working During the Transition to Adulthood Rehabilitation Research & Training Center (Learning & Working Center; LWC), UMass Chan Medical School, conducted a state-of-the-science conference, “Improving Education, Training and Employment Outcomes for Youth and Young Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions.” The State-of-the-Science Conference was held during and at the end of the 31st Annual Research and Policy Conference on Child, Adolescent, and Young Adult Behavioral Health (a.k.a. The Tampa Conference) in Tampa, Florida sponsored by the University of South Florida between March 4-7, 2018. The LWC held a post-Tampa Conference “think tank” session with 28 participants to summarize the current knowledge base on the education, training, and work lives of youth and young adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHCs) and to identify future research needed to move the field forward. The proceedings herein include all conference papers and responses as well as final considerations for the future research directions in education, employment and policy and practice.