The advancement of scientific and medical knowledge depends on the timely publication of novel research, which relies on the adequate functioning of the peer review process. Peer review is the bedrock of scientific publications; it is vital in maintaining the credibility of research and ensuring scientific integrity. As researchers, clinicians, and scientists, we have a professional responsibility to peer review science within our scope of expertise to ensure the fidelity and continued growth of evidence-based research. However, most reviewers have little, if any, formal training in conducting reviews and might often be unaware of the ethical guidelines of peer review. Understanding the ethics of peer review is an important component of the scientific practice of reviewing. While JGIM has strived to consistently deliver high-quality reviews of submitted articles, a review of both the ethics of peer review and the components of a quality review is advantageous for new and longtime reviewers.