An update on methods for assessing bone quality and health in Cystic fibrosis
Williams, Kristen M ; Darukhanavala, Amy ; Hicks, Rebecca ; Kelly, Andrea
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Authors
Darukhanavala, Amy
Hicks, Rebecca
Kelly, Andrea
Student Authors
Faculty Advisor
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UMass Chan Affiliations
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Keywords
BMD, bone mineral density
Bone disease
Bone mineral density
CF, Cystic Fibrosis
CFBD, Cystic fibrosis related bone disease
Cystic fibrosis
DXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
FRAX, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
Fracture
HAZ, height for age Z-score
HSA, Hip Structural Analysis
ISCD, International Society Clinical Densitometry
LS, lumbar spine
LSC, least significant change
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
QUS, quantitative ultrasound
SOS, speed of sound
TBLH, total body less head
TBS, Trabecular Bone Score
UBPI, Ultrasound bone profile index
UD radius, Ultradistal radius
VFA, Vertebral Fracture Assessment
aBMD, areal bone mineral density
pQCT, peripheral quantitative computed tomography
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Abstract
With increasing life expectancy in people with Cystic fibrosis (CF), the focus of clinical care has shifted to management and prevention of non-pulmonary comorbidities. CF related bone disease, defined by low bone mineral density (BMD), is prevalent across all age groups and acknowledges the increased fractures rates that negatively impact lung function and quality of life. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of bone mineral content (BMC) and "areal" BMD (aBMD) is recommended for identifying and monitoring bone health in children and adults due to its low cost, low radiation exposure, and widespread availability. Recent studies in children and adolescents with chronic illness focus on adjustment of BMC and aBMD measurements for height due to the effects of short stature and delayed maturation on bone size. Expanded reference databases for alternate imaging sites such as the ultradistal radius and hip present opportunities for research and long-term monitoring. As the two-dimensional nature of DXA imposes limitations, we highlight other imaging modalities including peripheral quantitative computed tomography QCT (pQCT), magnetic resonance imaging, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). These tools, while primarily used in a research setting, can impart information on true volumetric bone density and bone microarchitecture as well as contribute to fracture assessment and prediction. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with vertebral and hip fracture, we will present on vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in both children and adults as well as applied analyses including hip structural analysis (HSA), trabecular bone score (TBS), and fracture risk assessment (FRAX) for high risk groups. Questions remain on the future clinical applicability and accessibility of these assessment and prediction tools, longitudinal monitoring through adolescence and adulthood, and how outcome measures may guide bone modifying therapies.
Source
Williams KM, Darukhanavala A, Hicks R, Kelly A. An update on methods for assessing bone quality and health in Cystic fibrosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2021 Dec 6;27:100281. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100281. PMID: 34984171; PMCID: PMC8693345.