Hepatocyte-specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is a determinant of lipid accumulation and liver injury in alcohol-induced steatosis in mice
Nath, Bharath D. ; Levin, Ivan ; Csak, Timea ; Petrasek, Jan ; Mueller, Christian ; Kodys, Karen ; Catalano, Donna ; Mandrekar, Pranoti ; Szabo, Gyongyi
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol causes hepatic steatosis and liver hypoxia. Hypoxia-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, (HIF-1alpha) may regulate liporegulatory genes, but the relationship of HIF-1 to steatosis remains unknown. We investigated HIF-1alpha in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Alcohol administration resulted in steatosis, increased liver triglyceride levels, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, suggesting liver injury in wild-type (WT) mice. There was increased hepatic HIF-1alpha messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and DNA-binding activity in alcohol-fed mice compared with controls. Mice engineered with hepatocyte-specific HIF-1 activation (HIF1dPA) had increased HIF-1alpha mRNA, protein, and DNA-binding activity, and alcohol feeding in HIF1dPA mice increased hepatomegaly and hepatic triglyceride compared with WT mice. In contrast, hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-1alpha [HIF-1alpha(Hep(-/-) )], protected mice from alcohol- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage, serum ALT elevation, hepatomegaly, and lipid accumulation. HIF-1alpha(Hep(-/-) ), WT, and HIF1dPA mice had equally suppressed levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mRNA after chronic ethanol, whereas the HIF target, adipocyte differentiation-related protein, was up-regulated in WT mice but not HIF-1alpha(Hep(-/-) ) ethanol-fed/LPS-challenged mice. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was cooperatively induced by alcohol feeding and LPS in WT but not HIF-1alpha(Hep(-/-) ) mice. Using Huh7 hepatoma cells in vitro, we found that MCP-1 treatment induced lipid accumulation and increased HIF-1alpha protein expression as well as DNA-binding activity. Small interfering RNA inhibition of HIF-1alpha prevented MCP-1-induced lipid accumulation, suggesting a mechanistic role for HIF-1alpha in hepatocyte lipid accumulation.
CONCLUSION: Alcohol feeding results in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes involving HIF-1alpha activation. The alcohol-induced chemokine MCP-1 triggers lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via HIF-1alpha activation, suggesting a mechanistic link between inflammation and hepatic steatosis in alcoholic liver disease.
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Hepatology. 2011 May;53(5):1526-37. doi: 10.1002/hep.24256. Link to article on publisher's site