How is the concept of “treating to a target” relevant to rheumatology in general, and to the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in particular? In this article, we employ a question and answer approach to address the importance of treating RA to target, review the seminal studies supporting a treat to target approach in the management of RA, describe ongoing international treat to target initiatives, and discuss the practical issues related to using a treat to target approach in clinical practice.