Silicon functionalization expands the repertoire of Si-rhodamine fluorescent probes
Rao, Desaboini Nageswara ; Ji, Xincai ; Miller, Stephen C
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Abstract
Fluorescent dyes such as rhodamines are widely used to assay the activity and image the location of otherwise invisible molecules. Si-rhodamines, in which the bridging oxygen of rhodamines is replaced with a dimethyl silyl group, are increasingly the dye scaffold of choice for biological applications, as fluorescence is shifted into the near-infrared while maintaining high brightness. Despite intense interest in Si-rhodamines, there has been no exploration of the scope of silicon functionalization in these dyes, a potential site of modification that does not exist in conventional rhodamines. Here we report a broad range of silyl modifications that enable brighter dyes, further red-shifting, new ways to modulate fluorescence, and the introduction of handles for dye attachment, including fluorogenic labeling agents for nuclear DNA, SNAP-tag and HaloTag labeling. Modifications to the bridging silicon are therefore of broad utility to improve and expand the applications of all Si-dyes.
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Rao DN, Ji X, Miller SC. Silicon functionalization expands the repertoire of Si-rhodamine fluorescent probes. Chem Sci. 2022 May 2;13(20):6081-6088. doi: 10.1039/d2sc01821g. PMID: 35685786; PMCID: PMC9132037.