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Complete Heart Block Triggered by Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Verapamil

Offord, Evan
Nabi, Michelle
Mankbadi, Michael
Marchetta, Alexandra
Rosenthal, Lawrence
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UMass Chan Affiliations
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Case Reports
Publication Date
2025-03-17
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Abstract

Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) is a treatment for COVID-19. However, ritonavir, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP3A4 inhibitor, poses a risk of significant drug-drug interactions. In our case, coprescribed nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and verapamil, with concomitant acute kidney injury, resulted in complete heart block and shock. Following fluid resuscitation, blood pressure support with norepinephrine, and calcium therapy for verapamil toxicity, the patient recovered and was discharged home in normal sinus rhythm. To our knowledge, only 2 cases with this drug-drug interaction have been documented, making this a rare, but serious interaction poorly described in the literature. Understanding the pharmacokinetic relationship between these 2 medications and the risks of coprescribing them is crucial for both diagnosing toxicity and reducing preventable morbidity and mortality.

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Offord E, Nabi M, Mankbadi M, Marchetta A, Rosenthal L. Complete Heart Block Triggered by Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Verapamil. JACC Case Rep. 2025 Apr 16;30(8):103238. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2025.103238. Epub 2025 Mar 17. PMID: 40250902.

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DOI
10.1016/j.jaccas.2025.103238
PubMed ID
40250902
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Copyright The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).