Expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involves transcription of miRNA genes and maturation of the primary transcripts. Recent studies have shown that posttranscriptional processing of primary and precursor miRNAs is induced after DNA damage through regulatory RNA-binding proteins in the Drosha and Dicer complexes, such as DDX5 and KSRP. However, little is known about the regulation of nuclear export of pre-miRNAs in the DNA-damage response, a critical step in miRNA maturation. Here, we show that nuclear export of pre-miRNAs is accelerated after DNA damage in an ATM-dependent manner. The ATM-activated AKT kinase phosphorylates Nup153, a key component of the nucleopore, leading to enhanced interaction between Nup153 and Exportin-5 (XPO5) and increased nuclear export of pre-miRNAs. These findings define an important role of DNA-damage signaling in miRNA transport and maturation.