This issue brief provides a brief history of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) followed by a focus on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). An overview and literature review of MBCT describes the emergence of MBCT as an intervention addressing depression. This Issue Brief concludes with recent findings that call for further MBCT research in the areas of anxiety and addiction relapse. A Spanish translation of this publication is available for download.