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The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development

Hsiao, Wen-Yu
Jung, Su Myung
Tang, Yuefeng
Haley, John A
Li, Rui
Li, Huawei
Calejman, Camila Martinez
Sanchez-Gurmaches, Joan
Hung, Chien-Min
Luciano, Amelia K.
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Abstract

Overweight and obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but all fat is not equal, as storing excess lipid in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) is more metabolically favorable than in visceral fat. Here, we uncover a critical role for mTORC2 in setting SWAT lipid handling capacity. We find that subcutaneous white preadipocytes differentiating without the essential mTORC2 subunit Rictor upregulate mature adipocyte markers but develop a striking lipid storage defect resulting in smaller adipocytes, reduced tissue size, lipid re-distribution to visceral and brown fat, and sex-distinct effects on systemic metabolic fitness. Mechanistically, mTORC2 promotes transcriptional upregulation of select lipid metabolism genes controlled by PPARgamma and ChREBP, including genes that control lipid uptake, synthesis, and degradation pathways as well as Akt2, which encodes a major mTORC2 substrate and insulin effector. Further exploring this pathway may uncover new strategies to improve insulin sensitivity.

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Hsiao WY, Jung SM, Tang Y, Haley JA, Li R, Li H, Calejman CM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Hung CM, Luciano AK, DeMambro V, Wellen KE, Rosen CJ, Zhu LJ, Guertin DA. The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development. Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 6;33(1):108223. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108223. PMID: 33027655; PMCID: PMC7607535. Link to article on publisher's site

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10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108223
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33027655
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Copyright 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).