PURPOSE: Our aim was to review the advances in radiation therapy for the management of pediatric cancers made by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) radiation oncology discipline since its inception in 2000.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: The various radiation oncology disease site leaders reviewed the contributions and advances in pediatric oncology made through the work of the COG. They have presented outcomes of relevant studies and summarized current treatment policies developed by consensus from experts in the field.

RESULTS: The indications and techniques for pediatric radiation therapy have evolved considerably over the years for virtually all pediatric tumor types, resulting in improved cure rates together with the potential for decreased treatment-related morbidity and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: The COG radiation oncology discipline has made significant contributions toward the treatment of childhood cancer. Our discipline is committed to continuing research to refine and modernize the use of radiation therapy in current and future protocols with the goal of further improving the cure rates and quality of life of children with cancer.