Variations in Sleep Characteristics and Glucose Regulation in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Griggs, Stephanie ; Grey, Margaret ; Strohl, Kingman P. ; Crawford, Sybil L. ; Margevicius, Seunghee ; Kashyap, Sangeeta R. ; Li, Chiang-Shan R. ; Rajagopalan, Sanjay ; Hickman, Ronald L.
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Abstract
CONTEXT: Short sleep duration and sleep disruptions are associated with impaired glucoregulation in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanistic pathways between sleep and glucose variability remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To determine within- and between-person associations between objective sleep-wake characteristics and glucose variability indices.
METHODS: Multilevel models were used to analyze concurrent sleep and glucose patterns over 7 days in 42 young adults with T1D in their natural home environment. Young adults with T1D (mean age 22.2 +/- 3.0 years, HbA1c 7.2%, 32.6% male) for at least 6 months with no other medical or major psychiatric comorbidity were included. Sleep-wake characteristics were measured via wrist actigraphy and glucose variability indices via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
RESULTS: Lower sleep efficiency predicted higher glucose variability (less time in range beta = 0.011 and more time in hyperglycemia beta = -0.011) within-person. A longer wake after sleep onset and more sleep disruptions were associated with higher glucose variability between persons (beta = 0.28 and 0.31). Higher glucose variability predicted poorer sleep within-person (delayed bedtime, waketime, mid-sleep time, and lower sleep efficiency), while higher glucose variability was associated with poorer sleep and more sleep disruptions between persons (lower sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, and a higher sleep fragmentation index).
CONCLUSION: Clinicians can address the reciprocal nature of the sleep-glucose relationship by optimizing sleep and targeting efforts toward a euglycemic range overnight. Sleep habits are a modifiable personal target in diabetes care.
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Griggs S, Grey M, Strohl KP, Crawford SL, Margevicius S, Kashyap SR, Li CR, Rajagopalan S, Hickman RL. Variations in Sleep Characteristics and Glucose Regulation in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Feb 17;107(3):e1085-e1095. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab771. PMID: 34698348; PMCID: PMC8852208. Link to article on publisher's site