The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in healthcare professionals (HCP) is similar to that of the general population. Identification and treatment of OUD in HCPs is a public health and patient safety issue because HCP behavior impacts patient care. A person with OUD and active substance use may be impaired, that is, unable to practice with reasonable skill and safety due to illness. However, when OUD is treated effectively, impairment may be resolved even though the diagnosis of OUD remains.