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    A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants

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    Authors
    Palkopoulou, Eleftheria
    Karlsson, Elinor K.
    Reich, David
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2018-03-13
    Keywords
    admixture
    elephantid evolution
    mammoth
    paleogenomics
    species divergence
    Bioinformatics
    Computational Biology
    Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    Genetic Phenomena
    Genomics
    Paleobiology
    Paleontology
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    Link to Full Text
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550/
    Abstract
    Elephantids are the world's most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an approximately 120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant's ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for approximately 500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.
    Source

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Mar 13;115(11):E2566-E2574. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720554115. Epub 2018 Feb 26. Link to article on publisher's site

    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1720554115
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/25852
    PubMed ID
    29483247
    Notes

    Full author list omitted for brevity. For the full list of authors, see article.

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    Link to Article in PubMed

    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1720554115
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