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    Epigenetics in the human brain

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    Authors
    Houston, Isaac B.
    Peter, Cyril J.
    Mitchell, Amanda C.
    Straubhaar, Juerg R.
    Rogaev, Evgeny I.
    Akbarian, Schahram
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Program in Molecular Medicine
    Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2013-01-01
    Keywords
    Brain Chemistry
    DNA Methylation
    Epigenesis, Genetic
    Humans
    Mental Disorders
    Cell and Developmental Biology
    Mental Disorders
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
    Neuroscience and Neurobiology
    Psychiatry
    Psychiatry and Psychology
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.78
    Abstract
    Many cellular constituents in the human brain permanently exit from the cell cycle during pre- or early postnatal development, but little is known about epigenetic regulation of neuronal and glial epigenomes during maturation and aging, including changes in mood and psychosis spectrum disorders and other cognitive or emotional disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge base as it pertains to genome organization in the human brain, including the regulation of DNA cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation, and a subset of (altogether >100) residue-specific histone modifications associated with gene expression, and silencing and various other functional chromatin states. We propose that high-resolution mapping of epigenetic markings in postmortem brain tissue or neural cultures derived from induced pluripotent cells (iPS), in conjunction with transcriptome profiling and whole-genome sequencing, will increasingly be used to define the molecular pathology of specific cases diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, autism, or other major psychiatric disease. We predict that these highly integrative explorations of genome organization and function will provide an important alternative to conventional approaches in human brain studies, which mainly are aimed at uncovering group effects by diagnosis but generally face limitations because of cohort size.
    Source
    Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 Jan;38(1):183-97. doi: 10.1038/npp.2012.78. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.1038/npp.2012.78
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/30009
    PubMed ID
    22643929
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/npp.2012.78
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