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    Herbal Marijuana Alternatives Investigation: K2 and Spice: A Masters Thesis

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    Authors
    Rosenbaum, Christopher D.
    Faculty Advisor
    Robert J. Goldberg, PhD
    Academic Program
    Master of Science in Clinical Investigation
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Master's Thesis
    Publication Date
    2011-12-30
    Keywords
    Marijuana Abuse
    Receptors
    Cannabinoid
    Street Drugs
    Designer Drugs
    Medical Toxicology
    Mental Disorders
    Organic Chemicals
    Public Health
    Therapeutics
    
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    Abstract
    Background Herbal marijuana alternatives (HMA), legal plant products adulterated with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, represent a growing public health concern. Only a few case reports describe HMA and synthetic cannabinoid’s clinical toxicity. We describe an outbreak of HMA abuse primarily in the Midwest, the clinical presentation of HMA toxicity, and clinical and forensic testing. Methods During the course of ongoing surveillance for emerging drugs of abuse between November 2009 and August 2010, we retrospectively and prospectively identified a convenience sample comprising 81 cases of abuse of HMA products. Subject demographics, vital signs, lab results and urine were obtained (when available) and tested via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Samples of HMAs and synthetic cannabinoids were also analyzed via GCMS. Results HMA users were predominantly young males who inhaled HMAs. Analysis of their urine detected synthetic cannabinoid parent compound in one subject. GCMS analysis of synthetic cannabinoids established a reference library that confirmed the presence of synthetic cannabinoids in sampled HMA products. Conclusion HMA products were available in head shops, gas stations, and via the Internet. We have confirmed the presence of synthetic cannabinoids in these HMA products. The tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, anxiety, vomiting and hallucinations observed in this convenience sample are not readily explained by the presence of synthetic cannabinoids acting on CB1 and CB2 receptors. Further research must be done on HMA products and their abusers.
    DOI
    10.13028/1y2e-2025
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/31921
    Rights
    Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved.
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.13028/1y2e-2025
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