Orchestration of pulmonary T cell immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: immunity interruptus
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Authors
Behar, Samuel M.Carpenter, Stephen M.
Booty, Matthew G.
Barber, Daniel L.
Jayaraman, Pushpalatha
Student Authors
Stephen M. CarpenterUMass Chan Affiliations
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology and Physiological Systems
Document Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2014-12-01Keywords
CytokineExhaustion
Memory
Priming
T cell
Tuberculosis
Immunology and Infectious Disease
Microbiology
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Despite the introduction almost a century ago of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG), an attenuated form of M. bovis that is used as a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis remains a global health threat and kills more than 1.5 million people each year. This is mostly because BCG fails to prevent pulmonary disease--the contagious form of tuberculosis. Although there have been significant advances in understanding how the immune system responds to infection, the qualities that define protective immunity against M. tuberculosis remain poorly characterized. The ability to predict who will maintain control over the infection and who will succumb to clinical disease would revolutionize our approach to surveillance, control, and treatment. Here we review the current understanding of pulmonary T cell responses following M. tuberculosis infection. While infection elicits a strong immune response that contains infection, M. tuberculosis evades eradication. Traditionally, its intracellular lifestyle and alteration of macrophage function are viewed as the dominant mechanisms of evasion. Now we appreciate that chronic inflammation leads to T cell dysfunction. While this may arise as the host balances the goals of bacterial sterilization and avoidance of tissue damage, it is becoming clear that T cell dysfunction impairs host resistance. Defining the mechanisms that lead to T cell dysfunction is crucial as memory T cell responses are likely to be subject to the same subject to the same pressures. Thus, success of T cell based vaccines is predicated on memory T cells avoiding exhaustion while at the same time not promoting overt tissue damage.Source
Semin Immunol. 2014 Dec;26(6):559-77. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.003. Epub 2014 Oct 11.Link to article on publisher's site
DOI
10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.003Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/33486PubMed ID
25311810Related Resources
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.003