Monoclonal antibody routinely used to identify avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus binds to an epitope at the carboxy terminus of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein and recognizes individual mesogenic and velogenic strains

Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains are classified as having high (velogenic), intermediate (mesogenic), or low (lentogenic) pathogenesis and virulence in chickens. Recent studies have established that the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein plays an important role in viral tropism and virulence. A monoclonal antibody (AVS-I) has previously been shown to be specific for lentogenic strains of NDV (Srinivasappa et al., Avian Dis. 30:562-567, 1986) and is routinely used to identify these strains. We have used competition antibody binding assays with a previously characterized panel of monoclonal antibodies, binding to chimeric HN proteins, and the characterization of an escape mutant to localize the binding site of AVS-I to the extreme carboxy terminus of the protein. In addition, we have shown that AVS-I does recognize at least one mesogenic strain and one velogenic strain of the virus, calling into question the potential of this antibody as a diagnostic reagent for avirulent NDV strains.