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    A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells

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    Authors
    Guenther, Matthew G.
    Levine, Stuart S.
    Boyer, Laurie A.
    Jaenisch, Rudolf
    Young, Richard A.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2007-07-17
    Keywords
    Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chromatin; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; DNA Methylation; Embryonic Stem Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Histones; Humans; Lysine; Multigene Family; Nucleosomes; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; *Promoter Regions (Genetics); RNA Polymerase II; *Transcription Initiation Site; *Transcription, Genetic
    Life Sciences
    Medicine and Health Sciences
    
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.042
    Abstract
    We describe the results of a genome-wide analysis of human cells that suggests that most protein-coding genes, including most genes thought to be transcriptionally inactive, experience transcription initiation. We found that nucleosomes with H3K4me3 and H3K9,14Ac modifications, together with RNA polymerase II, occupy the promoters of most protein-coding genes in human embryonic stem cells. Only a subset of these genes produce detectable full-length transcripts and are occupied by nucleosomes with H3K36me3 modifications, a hallmark of elongation. The other genes experience transcription initiation but show no evidence of elongation, suggesting that they are predominantly regulated at postinitiation steps. Genes encoding most developmental regulators fall into this group. Our results also identify a class of genes that are excluded from experiencing transcription initiation, at which mechanisms that prevent initiation must predominate. These observations extend to differentiated cells, suggesting that transcription initiation at most genes is a general phenomenon in human cells.
    Source
    Cell. 2007 Jul 13;130(1):77-88. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.042
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/33763
    PubMed ID
    17632057
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.042
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