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    Relationship among Glutamine, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, and Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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    Authors
    Cochran, David E.
    Sikoglu, Elif M.
    Hodge, Steven M.
    Edden, Richard A.E.
    Foley, Ann
    Kennedy, David N.
    Moore, Constance M.
    Frazier, Jean A.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging
    Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2015-05-01
    Keywords
    Chemicals and Drugs
    Cognitive Neuroscience
    Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
    Mental Disorders
    Neuroscience and Neurobiology
    Neurosciences
    Pediatrics
    Psychiatry
    Psychiatry and Psychology
    
    Metadata
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2014.0112
    Abstract
    OBJECTIVE: An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been proposed. We compared glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 13 males with ASD and 14 typically developing (TD) males (ages 13-17), and correlated these levels with intelligence quotient (IQ) and measures of social cognition. METHODS: Social cognition was evaluated by administration of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). We acquired proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) data from the bilateral ACC using the single voxel point resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) to quantify Glu and Gln, and Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (MEGA-PRESS) to quantify GABA levels referenced to creatine (Cr). RESULTS: There were higher Gln levels (p=0.04), and lower GABA/Cre levels (p=0.09) in the ASD group than in the TD group. There was no difference in Glu levels between groups. Gln was negatively correlated with RMET score (rho=-0.62, p=0.001) and IQ (rho=-0.56, p=0.003), and positively correlated with SRS scores (rho=0.53, p=0.007). GABA/Cre levels were positively correlated with RMET score (rho=0.34, p=0.09) and IQ (rho=0.36, p=0.07), and negatively correlated with SRS score (rho=-0.34, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an imbalance between glutamatergic neurotransmission and GABA-ergic neurotransmission in ASD. Higher Gln levels and lower GABA/Cre levels were associated with lower IQ and greater impairments in social cognition across groups.
    Source
    Cochran DM, Sikoglu EM, Hodge SM, Edden RA, Foley A, Kennedy DN, Moore CM, Frazier JA. Relationship among Glutamine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015 May;25(4):314-22. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0112. Epub 2015 Apr 28. PubMed PMID: 25919578; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4442578. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.1089/cap.2014.0112
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/34824
    PubMed ID
    25919578
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1089/cap.2014.0112
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