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    Adipose tissue palmitoleic acid and obesity in humans: does it behave as a lipokine

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    Authors
    Gong, Jian
    Campos, Hannia
    McGarvey, Stephen
    Wu, Zhijin
    Goldberg, Robert J.
    Baylin, Ana
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Meyers Primary Care Institute
    Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2011-01-19
    Keywords
    Adipose Tissue
    Adult
    Aged
    Case-Control Studies
    Cross-Sectional Studies
    Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
    Female
    Humans
    Liver
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Obesity
    Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase
    UMCCTS funding
    Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
    Health Services Research
    Primary Care
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    Link to Full Text
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001604/pdf/ajcn9310186.pdf
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Animal models have shown that adipose-derived palmitoleic acid may serve as a lipokine that contributes to resistance to diet-induced obesity. Studies in humans have evaluated only plasma palmitoleic acid concentrations, which reflect stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity in the liver and are associated with increased risk of obesity. These apparent opposite effects of palmitoleic acid deserve further research in humans. Because carbohydrate intake can increase hepatic SCD1 activity, it could be used as a stratifying variable to disentangle the effects of adipose tissue SCD1 compared with the effects of liver SCD1 activity on obesity. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the effects of adipose tissue palmitoleic acid and SCD1 activity were associated with decreased obesity prevalence and whether this association was modified by carbohydrate intake. DESIGN: Prevalence ratios (PRs) of obesity [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) > 30] were examined in a cross-sectional study in 1926 adults in Costa Rica. Two desaturation indexes (16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) were used as surrogate measures of adipose tissue SCD1 activity. RESULTS: We observed a positive association between adipose tissue palmitoleic acid concentrations and obesity (PR for lowest compared with highest quintiles of palmitoleic acid: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.38; P for trend < 0.0001). A significant association was also observed between obesity and adipose desaturation indexes. The association between adipose tissue palmitoleic acid concentrations and obesity was attenuated in persons with low carbohydrate intake. CONCLUSIONS: There is no direct evidence that adipose tissue palmitoleic acid behaves as a lipokine to reduce obesity occurrence in humans. However, the attenuation of the association by low carbohydrate intake warrants further research on adipose-derived palmitoleic acid and obesity risk.
    Source

    Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan;93(1):186-91. Epub 2010 Nov 17. Link to article on publisher's site

    DOI
    10.3945/ajcn.110.006502
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/36894
    PubMed ID
    21084651
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3945/ajcn.110.006502
    Scopus Count
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    UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Supported Publications

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