ANRIL: A lncRNA at the CDKN2A/B Locus With Roles in Cancer and Metabolic Disease
UMass Chan Affiliations
Senior Scholars ProgramSchool of Medicine
Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence
Document Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2018-07-24Keywords
ANRILCDKN2A
CDKN2B
cancer
diabetes
long noncoding RNA
metabolic disease
pancreatic islet
Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition
Cardiovascular Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases
Endocrinology
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Genetic Phenomena
Neoplasms
Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The CDKN2A/B genomic locus is associated with risk of human cancers and metabolic disease. Although the locus contains several important protein-coding genes, studies suggest disease roles for a lesser-known antisense lncRNA encoded at this locus, called ANRIL. ANRIL is a complex gene containing at least 21 exons in simians, with many reported linear and circular isoforms. Like other genes, abundance of ANRIL is regulated by epigenetics, classic transcription regulation, splicing, and post-transcriptional influences such as RNA stability and microRNAs. Known molecular functions of ANRIL include in cis and in trans gene regulation through chromatin modification complexes, and influence over microRNA signaling networks. Polymorphisms at the ANRIL gene are linked to risk for many different cancers, as well as risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, bone mass, obesity and type 2 diabetes. A broad array of variable reported impacts of polymorphisms on ANRIL abundance, splicing and function suggests that ANRIL has cell-type and context-dependent regulation and actions. In cancer cells, ANRIL gain of function increases proliferation, metastasis, cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, whereas ANRIL loss of function decreases tumor size and growth, invasion and metastasis, and increases apoptosis and senescence. In metabolic disease, polymorphisms at the ANRIL gene are linked to risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, coronary artery calcium score, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Intriguingly, with the exception of one polymorphism in exon 2 of ANRIL, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes are non-overlapping. Evidence suggests that ANRIL gain of function increases atherosclerosis; in diabetes, a risk-SNP reduced the pancreatic beta cell proliferation index. Studies are limited by the uncertain relevance of rodent models to ANRIL studies, since most ANRIL exons do not exist in mouse. Diverse cell-type-dependent results suggest it is necessary to perform studies in the relevant primary human tissue for each disease. Much remains to be learned about the biology of ANRIL in human health and disease; this research area may lead to insight into disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.Source
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jul 24;9:405. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00405. eCollection 2018. Link to article on publisher's site
DOI
10.3389/fendo.2018.00405Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/40737PubMed ID
30087655Notes
Chih-Heng Hsieh participated in this study as a medical student as part of the Senior Scholars research program at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
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Rights
Copyright © 2018 Kong, Hsieh and Alonso. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Distribution License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3389/fendo.2018.00405
Scopus Count
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2018 Kong, Hsieh and Alonso. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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