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    Design and Methods for a Comparative Effectiveness Pilot Study: Virtual World vs. Face-to-Face Diabetes Self-Management

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    Authors
    Rosal, Milagros C.
    Heyden, Robin
    Mejilla, Roanne
    Rizzo Depaoli, Maria
    Veerappa, Chetty
    Wiecha, John M.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2012-12-17
    Keywords
    African Americans
    Clinical trials
    Education-distance
    Health behavior
    Health disparities
    Minority health
    Patient education
    Technology
    Type 2 diabetes
    Virtual systems
    Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms
    Community Health
    Community Health and Preventive Medicine
    Endocrine System Diseases
    Public Health
    Public Health Education and Promotion
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    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (diabetes) is a serious threat to public health in the United States and disproportionally affects many racial/ethnic minority groups, including African Americans. Limited access to treatment and high attrition rates further contribute to health disparities in diabetes-related morbidity and mortality among minorities. Greater opportunities for increasing access and decreasing barriers to treatment are needed. Technology-based interventions have potential for accomplishing this goal but evidence of feasibility and potential effectiveness is lacking, especially for populations that traditionally have limited educational attainment and low computer literacy. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the design and methods of a pilot randomized clinical trial that will compare the feasibility and potential efficacy of delivering a diabetes self-management intervention via a virtual world vs. a face-to-face format. METHODS: Study participants (n=100) will be African American women with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes recruited from primary care practices and affiliated health centers at a large safety net hospital in Massachusetts. Participants will be randomized into a virtual world-based (VW) intervention condition or a face-to-face control condition. Both conditions provide the same theory-based curriculum and equivalent exposure to the self-management program (eight group sessions), and both will be delivered by a single intervention team (a dietitian and a diabetes educator). Assessments will be conducted at baseline and 4 months. Feasibility will be determined by evaluating the degree to which participants engage in the VW-based intervention compared to face to face (number of sessions completed). Potential efficacy will be determined by comparing change in physiological (glycemic control) and behavioral (self-reported dietary intake, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, and medication adherence) outcomes between the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: The primary outcomes of interest are feasibility of the VW intervention and its potential efficacy on glucose control and diabetes self-management behaviors, compared to the face-to-face condition. Analysis will use a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for changes in variable distribution. P values will be calculated using binomial tests for proportions and t tests for continuous variables. CONCLUSIONS: If the intervention is found to be feasible and promising, it will be tested in a larger RCT.
    Source
    Rosal MC, Heyden R, Mejilla R, Rizzo Depaoli M, Veerappa C, Wiecha JM. Design and Methods for a Comparative Effectiveness Pilot Study: Virtual World vs. Face-to-Face Diabetes Self-Management. JMIR Res Protoc. 2012 Dec 17;1(2):e24. doi: 10.2196/resprot.2415. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.2196/resprot.2415
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/44566
    PubMed ID
    23612567
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    Rights
    Copyright Milagros C. Rosal, Robin Heyden, Roanne Mejilla, Maria Rizzo DePaoli, Chetty Veerappa, John M. Wiecha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2196/resprot.2415
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