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    The validity of risk assessment instruments for transition-age youth

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    Authors
    Vincent, Gina M.
    Drawbridge, Dara
    Davis, Maryann
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center
    Systems for Psychosocial Advances Research Center (SPARC)
    Law and Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2019-02-01
    Keywords
    risk assessment
    transition-age youth
    test bias
    Clinical Psychology
    Criminology and Criminal Justice
    Law and Psychology
    Mental and Social Health
    Psychiatry
    Psychiatry and Psychology
    
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    Link to Full Text
    https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000366
    Abstract
    OBJECTIVE: There is increasing recognition in the justice system that transition-age youth (TAY) are in a unique developmental period that may require tailored policies and practices. This study investigated the differential predictive validity and potential for disparate impact of both juvenile (the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth and Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory) and adult risk assessment instruments (the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 [HCR-20] and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide [VRAG]) with this age group (ages 16-24), relative to adolescents (ages 12-15) or older adults (ages 25-40). METHOD: The authors obtained secondary data sets for the 4 instruments totaling 3,353 cases. The final samples for each instrument after exclusions ranged from 1,181 cases for the VRAG to 290 cases for the HCR-20. RESULTS: Age group generally did not moderate the prediction of any recidivism or of violent recidivism. The only exception was on the HCR-20, which significantly predicted recidivism regardless of age but operated better for TAY than adults. The VRAG was the only instrument with significant mean age-related differences in risk scores. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for an unfair impact of risk assessments on TAY is minimal regardless of whether they are processed in the juvenile or adult justice systems. This preliminary evidence suggests well-validated instruments used in either system should accurately quantify the likelihood of recidivism for TAY; however, this does not necessarily translate into effective risk management for this developmental period. More research using study designs developed specifically for examining age-related differences is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
    Source

    J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019 Feb;87(2):171-183. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000366. Epub 2018 Dec 20. Link to article on publisher's site

    DOI
    10.1037/ccp0000366
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/46318
    PubMed ID
    30570311
    Related Resources

    Link to Article in PubMed

    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1037/ccp0000366
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