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    Therapeutic misconception in research subjects : Development and validation of a measure

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    Authors
    Appelbaum, Paul S.
    Anatchkova, Milena D.
    Albert, Karen
    Dunn, Laura B.
    Lidz, Charles W.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Psychiatry
    Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2012-08-31
    Keywords
    Therapeutic Misconception
    Informed Consent
    Bioethics and Medical Ethics
    Biostatistics
    Epidemiology
    Health Services Research
    Psychiatry
    Psychiatry and Psychology
    
    Metadata
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774512456455
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Therapeutic misconception (TM), which occurs when research subjects fail to appreciate the distinction between the imperatives of clinical research and ordinary treatment, may undercut the process of obtaining meaningful consent to clinical research participation. Previous studies have found that TM is widespread, but progress in addressing TM has been stymied by the absence of a validated method for assessing its presence. PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a theoretically grounded measure of TM, assess its diagnostic accuracy, and test previous findings regarding TM's prevalence. METHODS: A total of 220 participants were recruited from clinical trials at four academic medical centers in the United States. Participants completed a 28-item Likert-type questionnaire to assess the presence of beliefs associated with TM, and a semistructured TM interview designed to elicit their perceptions of the nature of the clinical trial in which they were participating. Data from the questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis, and items with poor factor loadings were excluded. This resulted in a 10-item scale, with three strongly correlated factors and excellent internal consistency; the fit indices of the model across 10 training sets were consistent with the original results, suggesting a stable factor solution. RESULTS: The scale was validated against the TM interview, with significantly higher scores among subjects coded as displaying evidence of TM. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis based on a 10-fold internal cross-validation yielded area under the ROC (AUC) = 0.682 for any evidence of TM. When sensitivity (0.72) and specificity (0.61) were both optimized, positive predictive value was 0.65 and negative predictive value was 0.68, with a positive likelihood ratio of 1.89 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.47. In all, 50.5% (n = 101) of the participants manifested evidence of TM on the TM interview, a somewhat lower rate than in most previous studies. LIMITATIONS: The predictive value of the scale compared with the 'gold standard' clinical interview is modest, although similar to other instruments based on self-report assessing states of mind rather than discrete symptoms. Thus, although the scale can offer evidence of which subjects are at risk for distortions in their decisions and to what degree, it will not allow researchers to conclude definitively that TM is present in a given subject. CONCLUSIONS: The development of a reliable and valid TM scale, even with modest predictive power, should permit investigators in clinical trials to identify subjects with tendencies to misinterpret the nature of the situation and to provide additional information to them. It should also stimulate research on how best to decrease TM and facilitate meaningful informed consent to clinical research. Clinical Trials 2012; 0: 1-14. http://ctj.sagepub.com.
    Source
    Clin Trials. 2012 Aug 31. doi: 10.1177/1740774512456455. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.1177/1740774512456455
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/46551
    PubMed ID
    22942217
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1177/1740774512456455
    Scopus Count
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    Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Publications

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