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Racial Segregation Across U.S. Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review of Measurement and Outcomes

dc.contributor.authorMack, Deborah
dc.contributor.authorJesdale, William M.
dc.contributor.authorUlbricht, Christine M.
dc.contributor.authorForrester, Sarah N
dc.contributor.authorMichener, Pryce
dc.contributor.authorLapane, Kate L
dc.date2022-08-11T08:10:35.000
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-23T17:13:42Z
dc.date.available2022-08-23T17:13:42Z
dc.date.issued2019-05-29
dc.date.submitted2019-06-07
dc.identifier.citation<p>Gerontologist. 2019 May 29. pii: gnz056. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz056. [Epub ahead of print] <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz056">Link to article on publisher's site</a></p>
dc.identifier.issn0016-9013 (Linking)
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/geront/gnz056
dc.identifier.pmid31141135
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/46792
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nursing homes remain subjected to institutional racial segregation in the United States. However, a standardized approach to measure segregation in nursing homes does not appear to be established. A systematic review was conducted to identify all formal measurement approaches to evaluate racial segregation among nursing home facilities, and to then identify the association between segregation and quality of care in this context. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched (January 2018) for publications relating to nursing home segregation. Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies were included that formally measured racial segregation of nursing homes residents across facilities with regional-level data. RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Formal segregation measures included the Dissimilarity Index, Disparities Quality Index, Modified Thiel's Entropy Index, Gini coefficient, and adapted models. The most common data sources were the Minimum Data Set (MDS; resident-level), the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data (CASPER; facility-level), and the Area Resource File/ U.S. Census Data (regional-level). Most studies showed evidence of racial segregation among U.S. nursing home facilities and documented a negative impact of segregation on racial minorities and facility-level quality outcomes. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The measurement of racial segregation among nursing homes is heterogeneous. While there are limitations to each methodology, this review can be used as a reference when trying to determine the best approach to measure racial segregation in future studies. Moreover, racial segregation among nursing homes remains a problem and should be further evaluated.
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.relation<p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=31141135&dopt=Abstract">Link to Article in PubMed</a></p>
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz056
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectHealthcare disparities
dc.subjectLong-term care
dc.subjectQuality of care
dc.subjectRace/ethnicity
dc.subjectResidential segregation
dc.subjectUMCCTS funding
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subjectGeriatrics
dc.subjectHealth Services Administration
dc.subjectHealth Services Research
dc.subjectRace and Ethnicity
dc.titleRacial Segregation Across U.S. Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review of Measurement and Outcomes
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.source.journaltitleThe Gerontologist
dc.identifier.legacycoverpagehttps://escholarship.umassmed.edu/qhs_pp/1258
dc.identifier.contextkey14691232
html.description.abstract<p>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nursing homes remain subjected to institutional racial segregation in the United States. However, a standardized approach to measure segregation in nursing homes does not appear to be established. A systematic review was conducted to identify all formal measurement approaches to evaluate racial segregation among nursing home facilities, and to then identify the association between segregation and quality of care in this context.</p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched (January 2018) for publications relating to nursing home segregation. Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies were included that formally measured racial segregation of nursing homes residents across facilities with regional-level data.</p> <p>RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Formal segregation measures included the Dissimilarity Index, Disparities Quality Index, Modified Thiel's Entropy Index, Gini coefficient, and adapted models. The most common data sources were the Minimum Data Set (MDS; resident-level), the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data (CASPER; facility-level), and the Area Resource File/ U.S. Census Data (regional-level). Most studies showed evidence of racial segregation among U.S. nursing home facilities and documented a negative impact of segregation on racial minorities and facility-level quality outcomes.</p> <p>DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The measurement of racial segregation among nursing homes is heterogeneous. While there are limitations to each methodology, this review can be used as a reference when trying to determine the best approach to measure racial segregation in future studies. Moreover, racial segregation among nursing homes remains a problem and should be further evaluated.</p>
dc.identifier.submissionpathqhs_pp/1258
dc.contributor.departmentDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
dc.contributor.departmentMorningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences


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