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    Relationships between skin color, income, and blood pressure among African Americans in the CARDIA Study

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    Authors
    Sweet, Elizabeth
    McDade, Thomas W.
    Kiefe, Catarina I.
    Liu, Kiang
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2007-11-01
    Keywords
    Adolescent
    Adult
    *African Americans
    *Blood Pressure
    Cardiovascular Diseases
    Female
    *Health Status Disparities
    Humans
    *Income
    Linear Models
    Male
    Multivariate Analysis
    Risk Factors
    *Skin Pigmentation
    Socioeconomic Factors
    Stress, Psychological
    United States
    Bioinformatics
    Biostatistics
    Epidemiology
    Health Services Research
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.088799
    Abstract
    OBJECTIVES: We explored how income and skin color interact to influence the blood pressure of African American adults enrolled in the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. METHODS: Data were derived from 1893 African American CARDIA year-15 participants who had undergone skin reflectance assessments at year 7. We adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, and use of antihypertensive medication to examine whether year-15 self-reported family incomes, in interaction with skin reflectance, predicted blood pressure levels. RESULTS: Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 117.1 (+/-16.07) and 76.9 (+/-12.5) mm Hg, respectively. After adjustment, the interaction between skin reflectance and income was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P< .01). Among lighter-skinned African Americans, systolic pressure decreased as income increased (b= -1.15, P<.001); among those with darker skin, systolic blood pressure increased with increasing income (b=0.10, P=.75). CONCLUSIONS: The protective gradient of income on systolic blood pressure seen among African Americans with lighter skin is not observed to the same degree among those with darker skin. Psychosocial stressors, including racial discrimination, may play a role in this relationship.
    Source
    Am J Public Health. 2007 Dec;97(12):2253-9. Epub 2007 Oct 30. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.2105/AJPH.2006.088799
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/47224
    PubMed ID
    17971563
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2105/AJPH.2006.088799
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Publications

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