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    Impact of socioeconomic status on longitudinal accumulation of cardiovascular risk in young adults: the CARDIA Study (USA)

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    Authors
    Karlamangla, Arun S.
    Singer, Burton H.
    Williams, David R.
    Schwartz, Joseph E.
    Matthews, Karen A.
    Kiefe, Catarina I.
    Seeman, Teresa E.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2004-12-14
    Keywords
    Adolescent
    Adult
    Cardiovascular Diseases
    Cholesterol, HDL
    Cluster Analysis
    Female
    Humans
    Life Style
    Male
    Risk Assessment
    Risk Factors
    Socioeconomic Factors
    Time Factors
    United States
    Waist-Hip Ratio
    Bioinformatics
    Biostatistics
    Epidemiology
    Health Services Research
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.056
    Abstract
    Our objectives were to describe the trajectories of biological risk factors of cardiovascular disease in young adults, and to study the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with aggregate risk scores that summarize longitudinal risk accumulation from multiple risk factors. We used data from a prospective, bi-racial, cohort study of 18-30-year-old adults in the USA, initiated in 1985, with 10-year follow-up. SES was measured by parental education level, financial hardship during the study, and the participant's education level by the end of the study. We studied growth patterns of seven biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease using a semi-parametric, class-mixture model to identify clusters of individuals with distinct growth trajectories. Risk scores that summarize risk from all seven risk factors were created to reflect risk at baseline, longitudinal risk change over 10 years, and total accumulated risk. Multivariable regression was used to study their associations with SES within each race/gender group. We found tracking of all seven risk factors: in each case, the cluster with the highest baseline value maintained its position as the highest-risk cluster over the next 10 years. After adjustment for age, lifestyle, and healthcare access, SES was associated inversely with baseline risk score in women (black and white), with risk change score in all four race/gender groups, and with accumulated risk score in women (black and white) and in white men. Our findings suggest that individuals with high overall cardiovascular risk in midlife can be identified by their relatively higher values of risk factors in younger ages and that socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular risk start accumulating early in life.
    Source
    Soc Sci Med. 2005 Mar;60(5):999-1015. Link to article on publisher's site
    DOI
    10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.056
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/47579
    PubMed ID
    15589670
    Related Resources
    Link to Article in PubMed
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.056
    Scopus Count
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    Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Publications

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