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    Development of an interactive, Web-delivered system to increase provider-patient engagement in smoking cessation

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    Authors
    Sadasivam, Rajani S.
    Delaughter, Kathryn
    Crenshaw, Katie
    Sobko, Heather J.
    Williams, Jessica H.
    Coley, Heather L.
    Ray, Midge N.
    Ford, Daniel E.
    Allison, Jeroan J.
    Houston, Thomas K.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
    Document Type
    Accepted Manuscript
    Publication Date
    2011-10-18
    Keywords
    Smoking Cessation
    Internet
    UMCCTS funding
    Biostatistics
    Epidemiology
    Health Services Research
    
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1721
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Patient self-management interventions for smoking cessation are effective but underused. Health care providers do not routinely refer smokers to these interventions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to uncover barriers and facilitators to the use of an e-referral system that will be evaluated in a community-based randomized trial. The e-referral system will allow providers to refer smokers to an online smoking intervention during routine clinical care. METHODS: We devised a four-step development and pilot testing process: (1) system conceptualization using Delphi to identify key functionalities that would overcome barriers in provider referrals for smoking cessation, (2) Web system programming using agile software development and best programming practices with usability refinement using think-aloud testing, (3) implementation planning using the nominal group technique for the effective integration of the system into the workflow of practices, and (4) pilot testing to identify practice recruitment and system-use barriers in real-world settings. RESULTS: Our Delphi process (step 1) conceptualized three key e-referral functions: (1) Refer Your Smokers, allowing providers to e-refer patients at the point of care by entering their emails directly into the system, (2) practice reports, providing feedback regarding referrals and impact of smoking-cessation counseling, and (3) secure messaging, facilitating provider-patient communication. Usability testing (step 2) suggested the system was easy to use, but implementation planning (step 3) suggested several important approaches to encourage use (eg, proactive email cues to encourage practices to participate). Pilot testing (step 4) in 5 practices had limited success, with only 2 patients referred; we uncovered important recruitment and system-use barriers (eg, lack of study champion, training, and motivation, registration difficulties, and forgetting to refer). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a system to be used in a clinical setting is complex, as several issues can affect system use. In our ongoing large randomized trial, preliminary analysis with the first 50 practices using the system for 3 months demonstrated that our rigorous preimplementation evaluation helped us successfully identify and overcome these barriers before the main trial. TRIAL: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00797628; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00797628 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/61feCfjCy).
    Source
    Sadasivam RS, Delaughter K, Crenshaw K, Sobko HJ, Williams JH, Coley HL, Ray MN, Ford DE, Allison JJ, Houston TK Development of an Interactive, Web-Delivered System to Increase Provider–Patient Engagement in Smoking Cessation J Med Internet Res 2011;13(4):e87 doi: 10.2196/jmir.1721. Link to article on publisher's website
    DOI
    10.2196/jmir.1721
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/47884
    PubMed ID
    22011394
    Notes
    This is the authors' final, peer-reviewed version of the article as prepared for publication in: Sadasivam RS, Delaughter K, Crenshaw K, Sobko HJ, Williams JH, Coley HL, Ray MN, Ford DE, Allison JJ, Houston TK Development of an Interactive, Web-Delivered System to Increase Provider–Patient Engagement in Smoking Cessation J Med Internet Res 2011;13(4):e87 doi: 10.2196/jmir.1721. Link to article on publisher's website
    Related Resources
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    Rights
    Copyright ©Rajani S Sadasivam, Kathryn Delaugther, Katie Crenshaw, Heather J Sobko, Jessica H Williams, Heather L Coley, Midge N Ray, Daniel E Ford, Jeroan J Allison, Thomas K Houston. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 18.10.2011. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2196/jmir.1721
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