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    Substrate-Based Near-Infrared Imaging Sensors Enable Fluorescence Lifetime Contrast via Built-in Dynamic Fluorescence Quenching Elements

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    Authors
    Kumar, Anand T. N.
    Rice, William L.
    López, Jessica C.
    Gupta, Suresh
    Goergen, Craig J.
    Bogdanov, Alexei A. Jr.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Chemical Biology Interface Program
    Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes
    Department of Radiology
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2016-02-09
    Keywords
    Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering
    Biochemistry
    Chemistry
    Radiology
    
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    Link to Full Text
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5b00252
    Abstract
    Enzymatic activity sensing in fluorescence lifetime (FLT) mode with “self-quenched” macromolecular near-infrared (NIR) sensors is a highly promising strategy for in vivo imaging of proteolysis. However, the mechanisms of FLT changes in such substrate-based NIR sensors have not yet been studied. We synthesized two types of sensors by linking the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW to macromolecular graft copolymers of methoxy polyethylene glycol and polylysine (MPEG-gPLL) with varying degrees of MPEGylation and studied their fragmentation induced by trypsin, elastase, plasmin, and cathepsins (B,S,L,K). We determined that the efficiency of such NIR sensors in FLT mode depends on sensor composition. While MPEG-gPLL with a high degree of MPEGylation showed rapid (τ1/2 = 0.1–0.2 min) FLT increase (Δτ = 0.25 ns) upon model proteinase-mediated hydrolysis in vivo, lower MPEGylation density resulted in no such FLT increase. Temperature-dependence of fluorescence dequenching of NIR sensors pointed to a mixed dynamic/static-quenching mode of MPEG-gPLL-linked fluorophores. We further demonstrated that although the bulk of sensor-linked fluorophores were dequenched due to the elimination of static quenching, proteolysis-mediated deletion of a fraction of short (8–10 kD) negatively charged fragments of highly MPEGylated NIR sensor is the most likely event leading to a rapid FLT increase phenomenon in quenched NIR sensors. Therefore, the optimization of “built-in” dynamic quenching elements of macromolecular NIR sensors is a potential avenue for improving their response in FLT mode.
    Source
    Kumar ATN, Rice WL, López JC, Gupta S, Goergen CJ, Bogdanov AA Jr. Substrate-based near-infrared imaging sensors enable fluorescence lifetime contrast via built-in dynamic fluorescence quenching elements. ACS Sens. 2016 Apr 22;1(4):427-436. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00252. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PMID: 28944290; PMCID: PMC5609830.
    DOI
    10.1021/acssensors.5b00252
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/48076
    PubMed ID
    28944290
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1021/acssensors.5b00252
    Scopus Count
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    Radiology Publications

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