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    A novel paramagnetic substrate for detecting myeloperoxidase activity in vivo

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    Authors
    Shazeeb, Mohammed S.
    Gupta, Suresh
    Bogdanov, Alexei A. Jr.
    Xie, Yang
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Radiology
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2012-09-08
    Keywords
    5-Hydroxytryptophan
    Animals
    Blood Proteins
    Chelating Agents
    Contrast Media
    Coordination Complexes
    Drug Stability
    Female
    Gadolinium
    Humans
    Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
    Kinetics
    Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
    Mice
    Mice, Inbred DBA
    Muscle, Skeletal
    Oxidation-Reduction
    Pentetic Acid
    Peroxidase
    Solubility
    Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena
    Chemistry
    Investigative Techniques
    Radiology
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    Link to Full Text
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544410/pdf/nihms431943.pdf
    Abstract
    Bis-phenylamides and bis-hydroxyindolamides of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium (DTPA(Gd)) are paramagnetic reducing substrates of peroxidases that enable molecular imaging of peroxidase activity in vivo. Specifically, gadolinium chelates of bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-DTPA (bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd)) have been used to image localized inflammation in animal models by detecting neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at the inflammation site. However, in other preclinical disease models, bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) presents technical challenges due to its limited solubility in vivo. Here we report a novel MPO-sensing probe obtained by replacing the reducing substrate serotonin (5-HT) with 5-hydroxytryptophan (HTrp). Characterization of the resulting probe (bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd)) in vitro using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzyme kinetic analysis showed that bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) (1) improves solubility in water; (2) acts as a substrate for both horseradish peroxidase and MPO enzymes; (3) induces cross-linking of proteins in the presence of MPO; (4) produces oxidation products, which bind to plasma proteins; and (5) unlike bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd), does not follow first-order reaction kinetics. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mice demonstrated that bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) was retained for up to 5 days in MPO-containing sites and cleared faster than bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) from MPO-negative sites. Bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) should offer improvements for MRI of MPO-mediated inflammation in vivo, especially in high-field MRI, which requires a higher dose of contrast agent.
    Source
    Mol Imaging. 2012 Sep-Oct;11(5):433-43.
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/48602
    PubMed ID
    22954188
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