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    Implementing an innovated preservation technology: The American Society of Transplant Surgeons' (ASTS) Standards Committee White Paper on Ex Situ Liver Machine Perfusion

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    Authors
    Quintini, Cristiano
    Martins, Paulo N.A.
    Shah, Shimul
    Killackey, Mary
    Reed, Alan
    Guarrera, James
    Axelrod, David A.
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2018-08-01
    Keywords
    clinical research/practice
    editorial/personal viewpoint
    liver transplantation/hepatology
    organ perfusion and preservation
    organ procurement
    organ procurement and allocation
    organ procurement organization
    risk assessment/risk stratification
    Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
    Health Services Administration
    Hepatology
    Surgery
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    Link to Full Text
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.14945
    Abstract
    The pervasive shortage of deceased donor liver allografts contributes to significant waitlist mortality despite efforts to increase organ donation. Ex vivo liver perfusion appears to enhance preservation of donor organs, extending viability and potentially evaluating function in organs previously considered too high risk for transplant. These devices pose novel challenges for organ allocation, safety, training, and finances. This white paper describes the American Society of Transplant Surgeons' belief that organ preservation technology is a vital advance, but its use should not change fundamental aspects of organ allocation. Additional data elements need to be collected, made available for organ assessment by transplant professionals to allow determination of organ suitability in the case of reallocation and incorporated into risk adjustment methodology. Finally, further work is needed to determine the optimal strategy for management and oversight of perfused organs prior to transplantation. Transplant Surgeons.
    Source

    Am J Transplant. 2018 Aug;18(8):1865-1874. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14945. Epub 2018 Jun 16. Link to article on publisher's site

    DOI
    10.1111/ajt.14945
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/49744
    PubMed ID
    29791060
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    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/ajt.14945
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      Roles of the Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin in Microtubule Organization during Cell Migration and Cell Division: A Dissertation

      Hung, Hui-Fang (2016-08-03)
      Epithelial cells are necessary building blocks of the organs they line. Their apicalbasolateral polarity, characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cell components along their apical-basal axis, is a requirement for normal organ function. Although the centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center, is important in establishing cell polarity the mechanisms through which it achieves this remain unclear. It has been suggested that the centrosome influences cell polarity through microtubule cytoskeleton organization and endosome trafficking. In the first chapter of this thesis, I summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating cell polarity and review evidence for the role of centrosomes in this process. In the second chapter, I examine the roles of the mother centriole appendages in cell polarity during cell migration and cell division. Interestingly, the subdistal appendages, but not the distal appendages, are essential in both processes, a role they achieve through organizing centrosomal microtubules. Depletion of subdistal appendages disrupts microtubule organization at the centrosome and hence, affects microtubule stability. These microtubule defects affect centrosome reorientation and spindle orientation during cell migration and division, respectively. In addition, depletion of subdistal appendages affects the localization and dynamics of apical polarity proteins in relation to microtubule stability and endosome recycling. Taken together, our results suggest the mother centriole subdistal appendages play an essential role in regulating cell polarity. A discussion of the significance of these results is included in chapter three.
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      Subnormothermic machine perfusion for ex vivo preservation and recovery of the human liver for transplantation

      Bruinsma, B. G.; Yeh, H.; Ozer, S.; Martins, Paulo N.A.; Farmer, A.; Wu, W.; Saeidi, N.; Op den Dries, S.; Berendsen, T. A.; Smith, R. N.; et al. (2014-06-01)
      To reduce widespread shortages, attempts are made to use more marginal livers for transplantation. Many of these grafts are discarded for fear of inferior survival rates or biliary complications. Recent advances in organ preservation have shown that ex vivo subnormothermic machine perfusion has the potential to improve preservation and recover marginal livers pretransplantation. To determine the feasibility in human livers, we assessed the effect of 3 h of oxygenated subnormothermic machine perfusion (21°C) on seven livers discarded for transplantation. Biochemical and microscopic assessment revealed minimal injury sustained during perfusion. Improved oxygen uptake (1.30 [1.11-1.94] to 6.74 [4.15-8.16] mL O2 /min kg liver), lactate levels (4.04 [3.70-5.99] to 2.29 [1.20-3.43] mmol/L) and adenosine triphosphate content (45.0 [70.6-87.5] pmol/mg preperfusion to 167.5 [151.5-237.2] pmol/mg after perfusion) were observed. Liver function, reflected by urea, albumin and bile production, was seen during perfusion. Bile production increased and the composition of bile (bile salts/phospholipid ratio, pH and bicarbonate concentration) became more favorable. In conclusion, ex vivo subnormothermic machine perfusion effectively maintains liver function with minimal injury and sustains or improves various hepatobiliary parameters postischemia.
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