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    Is there a menopausal syndrome? Menopausal status and symptoms across racial/ethnic groups

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    Authors
    Avis, Nancy E.
    Stellato, R
    Crawford, Sybil L.
    Bromberger, J
    Ganz, P
    Cain, V
    Kagawa-Singer, M
    UMass Chan Affiliations
    Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Publication Date
    2001-05-02
    Keywords
    African Americans
    Asian Americans
    Attitude to Health
    Cross-Cultural Comparison
    Cross-Sectional Studies
    European Continental Ancestry Group
    data
    Factor Analysis, Statistical
    Female
    Health Status
    Hispanic Americans
    Humans
    Logistic Models
    Menopause
    Middle Aged
    Psychophysiologic Disorders
    Questionnaires
    Socioeconomic Factors
    United States
    Women
    Women's Health
    Life Sciences
    Medicine and Health Sciences
    Women's Studies
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    Link to Full Text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00147-7
    Abstract
    In recent years, research on menopausal symptomalogy has focused on identifying symptom groupings experienced by women as they progress from premenopausal to postmenopausal status. However, most of these studies have been conducted among Caucasian women from western cultures. This leaves open the question of whether the findings from these studies can be extended to women of other racial/ethnic groups or cultures. Furthermore, many of the previous studies have been conducted on relatively small samples. This paper addresses the diversity of the menopause experience by comparing symptom reporting in a large cross-sectional survey of women aged 40-55 years among racial/ethnic groups of women in the United States (Caucasian, African-American, Chinese, Japanese, and Hispanic). Evaluation of the extent to which symptoms group together and consistently relate to menopausal status across these five samples provides evidence for or against a universal menopausal syndrome. The specific research questions addressed in this paper are: (1) How does the factor structure of symptoms among mid-aged women compare across racial/ethnic groups? (2) Is symptom reporting related to race/ethnicity or menopausal status? and (3) Does the relation between menopausal status and symptoms vary across racial/ethnic groups? Analyses are based on 14,906 women who participated in the multi-ethnic, multi-race, multi-site study of mid-aged women called the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Study participants completed a 15-min telephone or in-person interview that contained questions on a variety of health-related topics. Items of interest for these analyses include symptoms, menstrual history (to assess menopausal status), health status, and sociodemographics. Factor analysis results showed that across all five racial/ethnic groups, two consistent factors emerged; one consisting of clearly menopausal symptoms -- hot flashes and night sweats -- and the other consisting of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Results of regression analyses showed racial/ethnic differences in symptom reporting, as well as differences by menopausal status. Controlling for age, education, health, and economic strain, Caucasian women reported significantly more psychosomatic symptoms than other racial/ethnic groups. African-American women reported significantly more vasomotor symptoms. Perimenopausal women, hormone users, and women who had a surgical menopause reported significantly more vasomotor symptoms. All of these groups, plus postmenopausal women, reported significantly more vasomotor symptoms than premenopausal women. The pattern of results argues against a universal menopausal syndrome consisting of a variety of vasomotor and psychological symptoms.
    Source

    Soc Sci Med. 2001 Feb;52(3):345-56.

    DOI
    10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00147-7
    Permanent Link to this Item
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/50664
    PubMed ID
    11330770
    Related Resources

    Link to article in PubMed

    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00147-7
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