Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study
Authors
DiFranza, Joseph R.Savageau, Judith A.
Rigotti, Nancy A.
Fletcher, Kenneth E.
Ockene, Judith K.
McNeill, Ann D.
Coleman, Mardia A.
Wood, Constance
UMass Chan Affiliations
Center for Health Policy and ResearchDepartment of Psychiatry
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine
Document Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2002-09-01Keywords
AdolescentChild
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Interview, Psychological
Male
Massachusetts
*Nicotine
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Smoking
Substance-Related Disorders
Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Women's Studies
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a minimum duration, frequency or quantity of tobacco use required to develop symptoms of dependence. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective/prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of tobacco dependence employing individual interviews conducted three times annually in two urban school systems over 30 months. Detailed histories of tobacco use were obtained including dates, duration, frequency, quantity, patterns of use, types of tobacco, and symptoms of dependence. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 679 seventh grade students (age 12-13 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The report of any of 11 symptoms of dependence. RESULTS: Among 332 subjects who had used tobacco, 40% reported symptoms, with a median latency from the onset of monthly smoking of 21 days for girls and 183 days for boys. The median frequency of use at the onset of symptoms was two cigarettes, one day per week. The report of one or more symptoms predicted continued smoking through the end of follow up (odds ratio (OR) 44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17 to 114, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of tobacco dependence commonly develop rapidly after the onset of intermittent smoking, although individuals differ widely in this regard. Girls tend to develop symptoms faster. There does not appear to be a minimum nicotine dose or duration of use as a prerequisite for symptoms to appear. The development of a single symptom strongly predicted continued use, supporting the theory that the loss of autonomy over tobacco use begins with the first symptom of dependence.Source
Tob Control. 2002 Sep;11(3):228-35.
DOI
10.1136/tc.11.3.228Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/50874PubMed ID
12198274Related Resources
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1136/tc.11.3.228
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