Ursprung, W. W. Sanouri A.DiFranza, Joseph R.2022-08-232022-08-232010-01-012010-10-14Addict Behav. 2010 Jan;35(1):14-8. Epub 2009 Aug 10. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.08.001">Link to article on publisher's site</a>0306-4603 (Linking)10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.08.00119717241https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/30825New Zealand youth who had smoked only one cigarette had diminished autonomy over smoking. We sought to examine this issue in a US sample and examine the early onset of DSM-IV nicotine dependence. A self-administered survey was completed by 367 adolescent smokers in Massachusetts. Diminished autonomy was measured with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist. Diminished autonomy was present in 5.7% of youth after one cigarette, in 9% after 2, in 26% after 3-4, in 44% after 5-9, in 43% after 10-19, in 67% after 20-99, and in 96% after 100 or more. DSM-IV nicotine dependence was absent in youth who had not smoked 10 cigarettes but was present in 9% after 10-19 cigarettes, in 17% after 20-99, and in 58% after 100 or more. Our data confirm the New Zealand study by showing diminished autonomy among subjects who had smoked only 1 or 2 cigarettes. Diminished autonomy after one or two cigarettes, and DSM-IV nicotine dependence after 10-19, support the sensitization-homeostasis theory of nicotine addiction that the addiction process is initiated by the first few cigarettes.en-USTobacco Use DisorderNicotineSmoking CessationSmokingPersonal AutonomyPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesCommunity HealthPreventive MedicineJournal Articlehttps://escholarship.umassmed.edu/fmch_articles/1551604880fmch_articles/155